FD3401 Syllabus - Biochemistry And Nutrition - 2021 Regulation Anna University

FD3401 Syllabus - Biochemistry And Nutrition - 2021 Regulation Anna University

FD3401	BIOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRITION	LTPC

3003

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

The course aims to • Ensure students have a strong grounding in structures and reactions of biomolecules.
• Introduce them to metabolic pathway of the major biomolecules.
• Enable the students to understand roles of each nutrients in growth and metabolism.

UNIT I	INTRODUCTION TO BIOMOLECULES	5

Basic principles of organic chemistry, role of carbon, types of functional groups, biomolecules, chemical nature of water, pH and biological buffers.

UNIT II	STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES	18

Carbohydrates mutarotation, glycosidic bond, reactions of monosaccharides and reducing sugars. Starch, glycogen, cellulose and chitin structures and functions. Proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate. Lipids Fatty acids, glycerol, triacylglycerol, phospholipids, glycolipids, sphingolipids. Inherited metabolic disorders of Lipid-metabolism-Tay-Saach’s disease, Niemann-Pick’s disease and Gaucher’s disease. Cholesterol, steroids, Bile acids and salts, Gluco-and Mineralocorticosteroids. Prostaglandins and their functions.Lipoproteins. Cardiovascular disease and correlation with circulating lipid and lipoprotein concentration Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Classification based on side-chain properties. Structures, hierarchy of organization primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures, glycoproteins, lipoproteins.Nucleic acids Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, nucleotides, Chargaff’s Rules. Base pairing,A-T and G-C, mRNA, rRNA and tRNA., Watson-Crick structure of DNA. reactions, properties,Tm and hypochromicity, Measurement of DNA and RNA. Nucleoprotein complexes.

UNIT III	AN OVERVIEW OF NUTRITION AND ENERGY BALANCE	5

Definition, six classes of nutrients, calculating energy values from food, using the RDA, nutritional status, nutritional requirement, malnutrition, nutritional assessment of individuals and populations, 66 dietary recommendations, Balanced diet planning Diet planning principles, dietary guidelines; Glycemic and Non-glycemic carbohydrates, health effects of fiber and starch intake food groups, exchange lists, personal diet analysis; Digestion, Absorption and Transport Anatomy and physiology of the digestive tract, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients. Energy balance; body weight and body composition; health implications; obesity, BMR and BMI calculations.

UNIT IV	VITAMINS AND MINERALS	4

Water Soluble Vitamins B vitamins examined individually (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pyridoxine, Biotin, folate B12, choline, pantothenic acid, and carnitine) and in concert; B vitamin deficiencies, toxicities, and food sources; vitamin C roles and recommended intake, deficiency, toxicity and food sources. Fat Soluble Vitamins A, D, E, and K Function, recommended intakes, toxicities, food sources of vitamin A, D, E, and K; Water and Major Minerals Water balance and recommended intakes; fluid/electrolyte balance, acid-base balance; function, recommended intakes, and regulation of sodium, potassium, and calcium. Trace Minerals Food sources, function, recommended intakes, toxicities, deficiencies and transport of iron and zinc; importance of selenium, copper, fluoride, and chromium.

UNIT V	INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND REGULATION	13

Enzymes, introduction to biocatalysts, metabolic pathways, primary and secondary metabolites. Glycolysis, TCA cycle, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate shunt, glyoxalate shunt, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, reactions of amino acids, deamination, transamination and decarboxylation, urea cycle, Bioenergetics - High energy compounds, electronegative potential of compounds, respiratory chain, ATP cycle, calculation of ATP yieldduring oxidation of glucose and fatty acids.

TOTAL: 45 PERIODS

COURSE OUTCOMES:: Upon completion of the course, students will be able to

At the end of the course the students would be able to CO 1 : Understand the fundamentals of biomolecules, biochemical reactions in a living organism. CO 2 : Understand the importance of nutrients in growth and metabolism. CO 3 : Gain knowledge of importance of nutrients in physiological function and biochemical pathways.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Nelson, D.L. and M.M. Cox, “Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry”, 4th Edition, W.H. Freemen & Co., 2005. 2. Satyanarayana, U. and U. Chakerapani, “Biochemistry” 3rd Rev. Edition, Books & Allied (P) Ltd., 2006. 3. Rastogi, S.C. “Biochemistry” 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2003. 4. Mann, Jim and Stewart Truswell “Essentials of Human Nutrition”. 3rd Edition. Oxford University Press, 2007. 5. Gibney, Michael J., et al., “Introduction to Human Nutrition”. 2nd Edition. Blackwell,2009.

REFERENCES:

1. Berg, Jeremy M. et al. “Biochemsitry”, 6th Edition, W.H. Freeman & Co., 2006. 2. Voet, D. and Voet, J.G., “Biochemistry”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.,2004. 3. Gropper, Sareen S. and Jack L.Smith “Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism”. 5th Edition. Wadsworth Publishing, 2008.